224 Part II . (Web server application) Running the Show .
224 Part II . Running the Show . State Current state of the socket. Table 6-4 provides a list of socket states. . PID/Program name Process ID and program name of the process that owns the socket. Table 6-4 Socket States State Description ESTABLISHED Socket has an established connection. SYN_SENT Socket actively trying to establish a connection. SYN_RECV Connection request received from the network. FIN_WAIT1 Socket closed and shutting down. FIN_WAIT2 Socket is waiting for remote end to shut down. TIME_WAIT Socket is waiting after closing to handle packets still in the network. CLOSED Socket is not being used. CLOSE_WAIT The remote end has shut down, waiting for the socket to close. LAST_ACK The remote end has shut down, and the socket is closed, waiting for acknowledgement. LISTEN Socket is waiting for an incoming connection. CLOSING Both sides of the connection are shut down, but not all of your data has been sent. UNKNOWN The state of the socket is unknown. During a DOS attack, the foreign address is usually the same for each connection. In this case, it is a simple matter of typing the foreign IP address into the search form at www.arin.net/whois/ so you can alert your ISP. During a DDOS attack, the foreign address will likely be different for each connection. In this case, it is impossible to track down all of the offenders, because there will likely be thousands of them. The best way to defend yourself is to contact your ISP and see if it can filter the traffic at its border routers. Protecting Against Intrusion Attacks Crackers have a wide variety of tools and techniques to assist them in breaking into your computer. Intrusion attacks focus on exploiting weaknesses in your security, so the crackers can take more control of your system (and potentially do more damage) than they could from the outside.
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