302 Part III . Choosing and (Web design online) Installing a
302 Part III . Choosing and Installing a Linux Distribution More information about how to determine the state of a package can be found in the Querying the Package Database section of this chapter. As its name suggests, the package state indicates the present state of the package, which is one of the following: . not-installed The package is known but is not installed on the system. . half-installed An attempt was made to install the package, but an error prevented it from finishing. . unpacked The files have been extracted from the package, but any postextract configuration steps have not yet been performed. . half-configured The post-extract configuration was started, but an error prevented it from finishing. . installed The package is fully installed and configured. . config-files The package was removed, but the configuration files still exist on the system. If you have manually removed a configuration file and want to get it back by reinstalling the package, you can do so by passing the –force-confmiss option to dpkg. Doing so will not overwrite the other configuration files for that package. If you want to start over with all of the original configuration files, you can also pass the –force-confnew option. The package selection state indicates what state you want the package to be in. Changes to package status through dpkg happen immediately when using the –install, –remove, and –purge options on a package, but other uses and tools will instead set this flag and then process any pending changes in a batch. The package selection state is one of the following: . install The package should be installed. . deinstall The package files should be removed, with the exception of configuration files. . purge All package files and configuration files should be removed. . hold dpkg should not do anything with the package unless explicitly told to do so with the –force-hold argument. Some packages are designed to enable you to select configuration options as they are being installed. This configuration is managed through the debconf utility. Debconf supports a number of different interfaces, including a command prompt and a menu-based interface. A database of configuration options is also maintained by debconf, allowing it to automatically answer repeated questions, such as those you might encounter while upgrading or reinstalling a package. Examples of how to use these utilities are included in the Managing Your Debian System section later in this chapter. Note Note
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