Chapter 4 . Learning Basic Administration 141 Here s (Database web hosting)
Chapter 4 . Learning Basic Administration 141 Here s an example of how to use the sudo facility to cause any users that are added to the wheel group to have full root privileges: 1. As the root user, edit the /etc/sudoers file by running the visudo command: # /usr/sbin/visudo By default, the file opens in vi, unless your EDITOR variable happens to be set to some other editor acceptable to visudo (for example, export EDITOR=gedit). The reason for using visudo is that the command locks the /etc/sudoers file and does some basic sanity checking of the file to ensure it has been edited correctly. If you are stuck here, refer to the vi tutorial in Chapter 2 for information on using the vi editor. 2. Uncomment the following line to allow users in the wheel group to have full root privileges on the computer: %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL This line causes users in the wheel group to provide a password (their own password, not the root password) in order to use administrative commands. To allow users in the wheel group to have that privilege without using a password, uncomment the following line instead: %wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL 3. Save the changes to the /etc/sudoers file (in vi, type Esc, and then ZZ). 4. Still as root user, open the /etc/group file in any text editor and add to the wheel line any users you want to have root privilege. For example, if you were to add the users mary and jake to the wheel group, the line would appear as follows: wheel:x:10:root,mary,jake Now users mary and jake can run the sudo command to run commands, or parts of commands, that are normally restricted to the root user. The following is an example of a session by the user jake after he has been assigned sudo privileges: [jake]$ sudo umount /mnt/win We trust you have received the usual lecture from the local System Administrator. It usually boils down to these two things: #1) Respect the privacy of others. #2) Think before you type. Password: ********* [jake]$ umount /mnt/win mount: only root can mount /dev/hda1 on /mnt/win [jake]$ sudo umount /mnt/win [jake]$ Note
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