Chapter 9 . Running Debian (Remote web server) GNU/Linux 321 The
Chapter 9 . Running Debian GNU/Linux 321 The system administrator can designate which program is referenced in the alternatives database through the use of the update-alternatives command: # update-alternatives –config editor These are alternatives that provide editor . Selection Alternative ———————————————– 1 /bin/ed *+ 2 /bin/nano 3 /usr/bin/nvi Press enter to keep the default[*], or type selection number: 2 You can also use the –all command with update-alternatives to configure every entry in the alternatives database, one at a time. You can find more details by typing the following: man update-alternatives By default, all alternatives are in automatic mode, meaning that the system automatically selects a suitable program from the available candidates. Installing a new candidate program generally results in the automatic updating of the appropriate alternatives. Manually configuring an alternative disables automatic mode, preventing the system from changing these settings without prior knowledge of the system administrator. The Debian package management tools also provide a mechanism for renaming specific files in a package and for overriding the ownership and permission settings on files. Unlike when these changes are made manually, using mv, chmod, or chown, changes made through the Debian tools remain in place across package upgrades and re-installations. For example, if you want to replace /usr/bin/users without modifying the coreutils package, you can divert it to /usr/bin/users.distrib: # dpkg-divert –local –rename –add /usr/bin/users Adding `local diversion of /usr/bin/users to /usr/bin/users.distrib Removing the diversion returns the original filename: # dpkg-divert –remove /usr/bin/users Removing `local diversion of /usr/bin/users to /usr/bin/users.distrib Stat overrides are useful when you want to disable access to a program, or when you want to make it set-UID. For instance, to disable access to the wall program, type the following: # dpkg-statoverride –update –add root root 0000 /usr/bin/wall Note
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