Web site layout - 142 Part II . Running the Show In
142 Part II . Running the Show In this session, the user jake runs the sudo command to unmount the /mnt/win file system (using the umount command). He is given a warning and asked to provide his password (this is jake s password, not the root password). Even after jake has given the password, he must still use the sudo command to run subsequent administrative commands as root (the umount fails, but the sudo umount succeeds). Notice that he is not prompted for a password for the second sudo. That s because after entering his password successfully, he can enter as many sudo commands as he wants for the next 5 minutes without having to enter it again. (You can change the timeout value from 5 minutes to however long you want by setting the passwd_timeout value in the /etc/sudoers file.) The preceding example grants a simple all-or-nothing administrative privilege to everyone you put in the wheel group. However, the /etc/sudoers file gives you an incredible amount of flexibility in permitting individual users and groups to use individual applications or groups of applications. Refer to the sudoers and sudo man pages for information about how to tune your sudo facility. Administering Your Linux System Your system administrator duties don t end after you have installed Linux. If multiple people are using your Linux system, you, as administrator, must give each person his own login account. You ll use useradd and related commands to add, modify, and delete user accounts. Configuring hardware is also on your duty list. When you add hardware to your Linux computer, that hardware is often detected and configured automatically. In some cases, though, the hardware may not have been set up properly, and you will use commands such as lsmod, modprobe, insmod, and rmmod to configure the right modules to get the hardware working. A device driver is the code permanently built into the kernel to allow application programs to talk to a particular piece of hardware. A module is like a driver, but it is loaded on demand. The Configuring Hardware section later in this chapter includes information about using these commands to configure modules. Managing file systems and disk space is your responsibility, too. You must keep track of the disk space being consumed, especially if your Linux system is shared by multiple users. At some point, you may need to add a hard disk or track down what is eating up your disk space (you use commands such as find to do this). Your duties also include monitoring system performance. You may have a runaway process on your system or you may just be experiencing slow performance. Tools that come with Linux can help you determine how much of your CPU and memory are being consumed. These tasks are explored in the rest of this chapter. Note
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